It was presided by Mahakasyapa, a monk. The council was held in the Sattapani cave at Rajgriha. During this council, the teachings of Buddha were divided into three Pitakas. The significance of the First Council is that senior monks adopted the Vinaya-pitaka and Sutta-pitaka as the accurate teaching of the Buddha, to be remembered and kept by generations of nuns and monks to come. The Second Buddhist Council was held at Vaisali or Vaishali , an ancient city in what is now the state of Bihar in northern India, bordering Nepal under the patronage of King Kalasoka while it was presided by Sabakami.
This Council probably was held about a century after the first one, or about BCE. It was called to discuss monastic practices, in particular whether monks could be allowed to handle money. It was presided by Moggliputta Tissa. The third part of the Tripitaka was coded in the Pali language. This Council appears to have met to compose commentaries on the Tipitika. Therefore, so that the genuine Dhamma might be lastingly preserved, the Venerable Maharakkhita and five hundred monks recited the words of the Buddha and then wrote them down on palm leaves.
This remarkable project took place in a cave called, the Aloka Lena, situated in the cleft of an ancient landslip near what is now Matale. Thus, the aim of the Council was achieved and the preservation in writing of the authentic Dhamma was ensured.
It is said that Kanishka gathered five hundred Bhikkhus in Kashmir, headed by Vasumitra, to systematize the Sarvastivadin Abhidharma texts, which were translated from earlier Prakrit vernacular languages such as Gandhari in Kharosthi script into the classical language of Sanskrit.
It is said that during the council three hundred thousand verses and over nine million statements were compiled, a process which took twelve years to complete. Although the Sarvastivada are no longer extant as an independent school, its traditions were inherited by the Mahayana tradition. It is said that for the Fourth Council of Kashmir, Kanishka gathered monks headed by Vasumitra, partly, it seems, to compile extensive commentaries on the Sarvastivadin Abhidharma, although it is possible that some editorial work was carried out upon the existing canon itself.
Although this change was probably effected without significant loss of integrity to the canon, this event was of particular significance since Sanskrit was the official holy language of Brahmanism in India, and was also being used by other thinkers regardless of their specific religious or philosophical allegiance , thus enabling a far wider audience to gain access to Buddhist ideas and practices.
To this purpose, the Venerable Maharakkhita and five hundred monks recited the words of the Buddha and then wrote them down on palm leaves. This remarkable project took place in a cave called, the Aloka lena, situated in the cleft of an ancient landslip near what is now Matale. Thus the aim of the Council was achieved and the preservation in writing of the authentic Dhamma was ensured. After the Council, palm leaves books appeared, and were taken to other countries, such as Burma , Thailand , Cambodia and Laos.
The Fourth Council of Kashmir is not recognized as authoritative in Theravada; reports of this council can be found scriptures which were kept in the Mahayana tradition. The Mahayana tradition based some of its scriptures on refutations of the Sarvastivadin Adhidharma texts, which were systematized at this council. It is said that for the Fourth Council of Kashmir, Kanishka gathered monks headed by Vasumitra, partly, it seems, to compile extensive commentaries on the Sarvastivadin Abhidharma, although it is possible that some editorial work was carried out upon the existing canon itself.
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